Skip to main content

Atom

 Hello! 


How are you all? Today our topic is Atom.  We all heard about atom. 

The smallest particle of an element is called atom. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Anything that takes up space and anything with mass is made of atom. 

An atom is a particular of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element. An atom consist of a central nucleus that is surrounded by one or more relatively heavy particles known as proton and neutron. 

 

This was the short introduction of atom. Next we will discuss structure of atom. 



Structure of Atom:



The total mass of an atom, including the protons, neutrons and electrons, is the atomic mass or atomic weight. The atomic mass or weight is measured in atomic mass units.

Electrons contribute only a tiny part to the mass of the atomic structure, however, they play an important role in the chemical reactions that create molecules. The atomic weight can be thought of as the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. Because the number of neutrons in an atom can vary, there can be several different atomic weights for most elements. Protons and electrons have equal and opposite charges. Protons have a positive charge and electrons a negative charge. Normally, atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons, giving them a neutral charge.


Proton:

A proton is positively charged. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the atomic number for the chemical element. A proton has a rest mass, denoted mp of approximately 1.673 x 10-27 kilogram(kg). 


Electron:

An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle. The negative charge is equal to 1.602 × 10-19 coulomb in magnitude. The mass of an electron is 1/1837 of a proton.


Neutron:

A neutron is electrically neutral and has a rest mass, denoted mn, of approximately 1.675 x 10-27.


See you soon. Thank you. 

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Relative Atomic Mass

 Hello readers! Hope you will be fine. Our today's topic is relative atomic mass. let's start! It is the average mass of the atoms of that element as compared to1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon-12 isotope. Based on carbon-12 as a standard, the mass of an atom of carbon is 12 units and 1/12th of it comes to be 1 unit. When we compare atomic masses of other elements with atomic masses of carbon-12 atom, they are expressed as relative atomic masses of those elements. The unit of relative atomic mass unit is amu (Atomic mass unit). One atomic mass unit is 1/12th the mass of one atom of carbon-12.  This was the short intro of Relative atomic mass.  See you next with another topic. Thank you!
Post a Comment
Read more

Structure of Atom(Part 5)

 Rutherford's Atomic Model: Rutherford performed 'Gold Foil' experiment to understand how negative and positive charges could coexist in an atom. He bombarded alpha particles on a 0.00004  cm thick gold foil. Alpha particles are emitted by radioactive elements like radium and polonium. These are actually helium nuclei (He2+). They can penetrate through matter to some extent. He observed the effects of α-particles on a photographic plate or a screen coated with zinc sulphide. He proved that the 'plum-pudding' model of the atom was not correct.  Observations made by Rutherford were as follows: i.Almost all the particles passed through the foil un-deflected. ii.Out of 20000 particles, only a few were deflected at fairly large angles and very few bounced back on hitting the gold foil. Results of the experiment: Keeping in view the experiment, Rutherford proposed planetary model for an atom and concluded following results: i.Since most of the particles passed through th
1 comment
Read more

Carbon Cycle

CARBON CYCLE: Carbon circulates through the carbon cycle. It shows that carbon may be pres- ent as gaseous atmospheric CO2 constituting a relatively small but highly significant portion of global carbon. Some of the carbon is dissolved in surface water and groundwater as HCO-3 or molecular CO2 (aq). A very large amount of carbon is present in minerals, particularly magnesium and calcium carbonates such as CaCO3. Photosynthesis fixes inorganic C as biological carbon. represented as (CH2O), which is a constituent of all life molecules. Another fraction of carbon is fixed as petroleum and natural gas, with a much larger amount as hydrocarbonaceous kerogen (the organic matter in oil shale), coal, and lignite. Manufacturing processes are used to convert hydro- carbons to xenobiotic compounds with functional groups containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur. Although a very small amount of total environmental carbon, these com- pounds are particularly significant because of
Post a Comment
Read more